git fetch
command downloads commits, files, and refs from a remote repository into your local repo. Fetching is what you do when you want to see what everybody else has been working on. It’s similar to svn update
in that it lets you see how the central history has progressed, but it doesn’t force you to actually merge the changes into your repository. Git isolates fetched content from existing local content; it has absolutely no effect on your local development work. Fetched content has to be explicitly checked out using the git checkout
command. This makes fetching a safe way to review commits before integrating them with your local repository.git pull
and git fetch
commands are available to accomplish the task. You can consider git fetch
the 'safe' version of the two commands. It will download the remote content but not update your local repo's working state, leaving your current work intact. git pull
is the more aggressive alternative; it will download the remote content for the active local branch and immediately execute git merge
to create a merge commit for the new remote content. If you have pending changes in progress this will cause conflicts and kick-off the merge conflict resolution flow.git fetch
works let us discuss how Git organizes and stores commits. Behind the scenes, in the repository's ./.git/objects
directory, Git stores all commits, local and remote. Git keeps remote and local branch commits distinctly separate through the use of branch refs. The refs for local branches are stored in the ./.git/refs/heads/
. Executing the git branch
command will output a list of the local branch refs. The following is an example of git branch
output with some demo branch names./.git/refs/heads/
directory would reveal similar output../.git/refs/remotes/
directory. The next example code snippet shows the branches you might see after fetching a remote repo conveniently named remote-repo:origin/
. Additionally, we now see the remote branches prefixed with remote-repo
. You can check out a remote branch just like a local one, but this puts you in a detached HEAD
state (just like checking out an old commit). You can think of them as read-only branches. To view your remote branches, simply pass the -r
flag to the git branch
command.git checkout
and git log
commands. If you approve the changes a remote branch contains, you can merge it into a local branch with a normal git merge
. So, unlike SVN, synchronizing your local repository with a remote repository is actually a two-step process: fetch, then merge. The git pull
command is a convenient shortcut for this process.--dry-run
option will perform a demo run of the command. It will output examples of actions it will take during the fetch but not apply them.git clone
command. Let us also assume an additional remote repository named coworkers_repo that contains a feature_branch which we will configure and fetch. With these assumptions set let us continue the example.git remote
command.git fetch
to download the contents.git checkout
command to checkout the newly downloaded remote branch.HEAD
state. This is expected and means that our HEAD
ref is pointing to a ref that is not in sequence with our local history. Being that HEAD
is pointed at the coworkers/feature_branch ref, we can create a new local branch from that ref. The 'detached HEAD
' output shows us how to do this using the git checkout
command:HEAD
to point at the latest remote content and we can continue development on it from this point.git fetch
gives you access to the entire branch structure of another repository.git log
using origin/master as a filter: git merge origin/master
:git fetch
is a primary command used to download contents from a remote repository. git fetch
is used in conjunction with git remote
, git branch
, git checkout
, and git reset
to update a local repository to the state of a remote. The git fetch
command is a critical piece of collaborative git work flows. git fetch
has similar behavior to git pull
, however, git fetch
can be considered a safer, nondestructive version.OFFSET
FETCH
Tenorshare icarefone 6 0 0 16 ml. clauses to limit the number of rows returned by a query.OFFSET
and FETCH
clauses are the options of the ORDER BY
clause. They allow you to limit the number of rows to be returned by a query.OFFSET
and FETCH
clauses:OFFSET
clause specifies the number of rows to skip before starting to return rows from the query. The offset_row_count
can be a constant, variable, or parameter that is greater or equal to zero.FETCH
clause specifies the number of rows to return after the OFFSET
clause has been processed. The offset_row_count
can a constant, variable or scalar that is greater or equal to one.OFFSET
clause is mandatory while the FETCH
clause is optional. Also, the FIRST
and NEXT
are synonyms respectively so you can use them interchangeably. Similarly, you can use the FIRST
and NEXT
interchangeably.OFFSET
and FETCH
clauses:OFFSET
and FETCH
clauses with the ORDER BY
clause. Otherwise, you will get an error.OFFSET
and FETCH
clauses are preferable for implementing the query paging solution than the TOP
clause.OFFSET
and FETCH
clauses have been available since SQL Server 2012 (11.x) and later and Azure SQL Database.OFFSET
and FETCH
examplesproducts
table from the sample database for the demonstration.products
table and sorts the products by their list prices and names:OFFSET
clause as shown in the following statement:OFFSET
and FETCH
clauses as follows:OFFSET
and FETCH
clauses:ORDER BY
clause sorts the products by their list prices in descending order. Then, the OFFSET
clause skips zero row and the FETCH
clause fetches the first 10 products from the list.OFFSET
FETCH
clauses the limit the number of rows returned by a query.